Managing the use of Force in Policing Research Paper

Managing the use of Force in Policing - Research Paper Example Many of the police managers are aware that the police officers who are amongst the most motivated and generate most arrests are those who apply maximum use of force. This seems to generate conflict between the managers who find it hard to discipline those said to be on the lead in combating crime. As managers are aware that their core responsibility is to discourage abuse of force and ensure that the police force apply the principle of minimum force, it is not unusual not to believe that the police can be effective by application of these principles. The managers, secretly believe that police obtain respect from those who challenge their authority through dominating physically. This paper aims address this issue by looking at the features of the use of force, which are relevant in understanding the risks related to attempts to manage the use of force by the police. Most use of force by police takes place where managers are never present, and normally involve decisions by a police off icer that force is justified in such circumstance. This decision normally fall on the members of the lowest level of the organizational structure, and it reflects the routine character of uniformed and plain clothed police officers who are dispersed, and has low visibility from the watch of police management and other regulatory bodies. Police encounters with individuals who have the potential for the use of force mostly in public settings or in places where the problems with their clientele have come to light (Fyfe, 1986). Other people may be present in addition to suspects, which increases pressure on police to handle the situation in a manner that demonstrate humanity or they risk adverse reaction from the public. In contrast, these encounters with situations by the police force normally take place, though they are public, in settings by virtue of late hours where non-police third party witnesses are not present. This situation minimizes the pressure and restrains possible influe nce of adverse reactions from the public. In most cases, the situation could increase possibility of using excessive force and enhance fabrication of the facts of the events by the involved police. In addition, it might deprive the person of the confidence that presence of third party may be a restraint on the police. Police may require the use of force in some situations, when they do occur, tend to give a sense of urgency (Fyfe, 1986). Such like cases gives the police limited degree of choices as to whether they can get involved in the situation. The situation is said to be involuntary and require the police to use force in terms of ‘split-second decisions’ made on the inducement of the moment. Some of these situations encountered by the police are unanticipated and call for a quick response from the police force. On the same, trainers and analysts have shown concerns over the recent years on the myth of split-second decision by focusing on the decisions made by an of ficer prior to arrival to the immediate vicinity of the subject (William & Dae-Hoon, 2008). These decisions can be characterized into five phases: anticipation, initial confrontation on entry, exchange of information and dialogue, final frame decision and then the aftermath. Responses to situations that require the police to use force reflect a series subjective judgment that regards the unfolding situation. The work of police

James Dickey [Choose a good topic for me if you can] Research Paper

James Dickey [Choose a good topic for me if you can] - Research Paper Example Dickey, in his early poems, described confrontations particularly in nature and war not as away of telling people his heroic past, but as an ingenious way for discouraging acts of aggression, mortality, and redefining good moral values. Instead of adopting formalism, Dickey favored a narrative approach typified with charged emotions drawn from his past experiences (Clabough 3-6). This paper aims to explore James Dickey. Specifically, the paper aims to explore his biography and how Dickey used things that happened in his own life in the stories, books, or poems that he wrote. This paper will explore a number of novels and even poems to make the points clear. Mini-Biography Early years James Dickey was born on 2nd of February 1923 to Maibelle Swift and Eugene Dickey in Buckhead, Atlanta (Thesing and Wrede 1). He went to North Fulton High School and joined Clemson Agricultural College in 1942. He only spent one semester at Clemson Agricultural College before joining the US army. While i n the army, he participated in the WWII and Korean War. The break in between the wars enabled him to enroll at Vanderbilt University to pursue courses in philosophy and English. These qualifications landed him a new job as a lecturer at the University of Florida. Career Apart from serving in disciplined forces, Dickey lectured at Rice University in Texas and at the University of Florida. He also worked for McCann-Erickson, an advertising company as a copywriter. This introduced him to written art and it never took long before publishing his first book in 1960. More books on poetry were produced in the following years. His recognition as a great poet earned him another job as a Professor of English at the University of South Carolina around 1970. Personal Life James Dickey married Maxine Syerson in 1948 and together they had two sons, Christopher and Kevin, before his wife passed on in 1976. A few years later, he married another wife by the name Deborah Dodson and together they had a daughter, Bronwen. Just like the father, Christopher and Bronwen are novelists and Kevin is a practicing radiologist. Before he died in 1997, Dickey was working as poet-in-residence at the University of South Carolina. He succumbed to problems associated with alcoholism, jaundice and fibrosis of the lungs. Explaining the Thesis Dickey had an exceptional vision and in most cases he drew a lot from his life experience. In fact, most scholars who have reviewed his work were tempted to classify him as a confessional poet (Hill, para. 7-8). Every piece of work he published was motivated by a life experience. Dickey wrote about personal experiences, particular places, situations and memories. The distinctive poem of Dickey is one of reflection on experience or memory. Since, Dickey came from the South at a time when slave trade had not been abolished; his poems like "Slave Quarters" were developed around memories relating to places he visited. In "Slave Quarters," the intention of Dickey was to deal with undisclosed moral issues-the guilt over slavery characterized by sexual abuse and killings. A similar style is captured in his poem, "The Firebombing." In "The Firebombing poem,† Dickey genuinely raised issues of consciousness, empathy, regret and lack of good will.